Knurling machine



L. GURRIERI ET AL KNURLING MACHINE Sept. 8, 11936 Filed Aug. 19, 1933 2 Sh eets-Sheet l vll- IN VEN TORS Louis Guam E21 ALvAToRE Gumaas EYA Patented Sept. 8, 1936 PATENT OFFICE KNURLING MACHINE Application August 19, 1933, Serial No. 685,832

2 Claims.

This invention relates to fluting and knurling machines and more specically to a knurling Inachine provided' with improvements in a vertically adjustable and traveling lathe carriage.

The main object of the invention is to provide a fluting and knurling machine wherein the improvement resides in the simplicity of structure, compactness, lightness in weight and ease of operation.

A further object of theA invention resides in the provision of a vertically adjustable lathe carriage sensitive to pressure onV a hand lever.

Anotherk object of theinvention resides in the provision of auting and knurling machine wherein the lathe elements are constructed in a novel manner to cooperate with the lathe carriage.

Another object of the invention resides' in the provision of a traveling and' vertically adjustable lathe carriage which is rotatable in conjunction with the carriage frame.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a fluting and knurling machine wherein a travelingy and vertically adjustable lathe carriage and lathe are respectively advanced and rotated simultaneously towards xedrevolving cut` ters.

Thesey objects and' other incidental ends and advantages will appear hereinafter in the progress oi the disclosure.

Accompanying the specification herein and forming partV thereof are drawings showing a preferred form of the invention wherein corresponding reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views thereof. Y

Figure 1' is a sid'e elevational view of our improved l-uting and knurling machines.

Figure 2l is a sectional and plan View of Figurev l through the line 2-2.

Figure 3 is an elevational view of aspecimen. of wood provided with parallel spirals cutv out by the use of said machine..

Figure, 4 is. a cross-sectional View of Figure, 3.

Figure 5 is,A a` blank to be operated upon., showing an irregular longitudinal surface which may be operated upon by the improved vertically adjustable lathe carriage to eectuatespiral grooves as in Figure 3f..

Figure 6 is a top plan view ofi Figure l.

Figure '7 isv a cross-sectional View of Figure' 6 along the line 1-1 thereof.

Figure 8f isa cross-sectional view of Figure 6 along the line 8'-81thereof`.

Figure 9- is a longitudinal sectional view of Figure 6 along the line 9--9` thereof.

Figure 10 is a central' cross-sectional View of Figure 6 along the line lll-I0 thereof.

Figure l-l is a side elevational view of the adjustable holder for the fixed revolving cutter.

Figure 12 is a front sectional Viewy of Figure- 10 along the line |2-I'2 thereof.

Figure 13 is a front sectional view of Figure 10 along the li-ne l3-l3 thereof.

In accordance with the invention and in ac-i cordance with the preferred form thereof as embodied in the above describedviews, the fluting and knurling machine is provided with a base support comprising a stand having vertical supports i4, t5, I6 and I1 and a at and circular table element Ila surmounting said vertical sup.- ports.

I8 designates a longitudinal supporting body for the vertically adjustable carriage frame hereinafter to be described, and is pivotally connected' tol the at circular table element Ila` by means of a. connecting yand bearing head comprised of fastening portion I9 alixed through the center of circular table element lla bearing portion penetrating the longitudinal supporting body I' and cap member 2l surmounting the said bearing portion 20. and resting on the upper surface of I8.

22 designates av longitudinal slit along a diameter of cap member 2l and isA adapted to receive a revolving cutter 24a journalled at the underside of ilat circular table element lla.. The said` revolving cutter 24a is adjustably fixed in a position by means of two parallel bars. 23 between which the said revolving cutter 24a is journalled, the said bars being pivotally attached tok a depending lug 25. The parallel bars 2.3 at the extremities thereof are vertically adjustable by means of screws 21 and 28: penetrating the said bars 23.y and being in threaded engagement with a receiving lug 26 attached' to the underside of flat circular table element I 1a.. By the adjustment of screws 26 and 21 the position of revolving cut' ter 24a above or below the upper surface of cap mem-ber 2l is eifectuated.

The main feature of the invention herein comprising a rotatable, vertically adjustable and traveling lathe carriage in conjunction with a rotatable and vertically adjustable lathe frame will now be described.

The lathe frame comprises preferably two longitudinal: and parallel angle irons 291 and 3B, the

upwardly extendingv 'flanges 29a. andv 30a thereof Y Reference characters 3| and 38 represent end pieces for the said angle irons 29 and 30, end piece 38 being journalled between depending lugs 36 and 31, while end piece 3| is afxed to flanges 29a and 30a. 32 and 33 are two parallel, longitudinal and threaded rods disposed between angle irons 29 and 39 and aihxed to end piece 3| by the ordinary means such as nuts 34 and 35, the said rods serving as the rack element for the horizontal propulsion of the lathe carriage hereinafter to be described.

The above-described lathe frame is vertically and delicately adjustable toward and away from independently operable revolving cutters such as 24a projecting from below the lathe frame or |22 projecting from above the lathe frame. This adjustability is accomplished by the pivotal support of the lathe frame about the longitudinal supporting body |8, the structure therefor now to be described. ards vertically disposed adjacent to and on the outerside of angle iron 29, the said standard at the upper extremities thereof being pivotally connected to longitudinal bars 49 and 56 by means of.

pivot heads 41 and 48. Depending upon and affixed to the underside of longitudinal supporting body |8 and adjacent the transverse ends thereof are two sets of lugs, 4|] and 4| having axis 42 journalled therebetween, and 44 and 45 having axis 46 journalled therebetween. Standards 39 and 43 at the lower extremities thereof are pivotally connected to axes 42 and 46 respectively. Angle irons 29 and 30 of the lathe frame, as in the case of longitudinal supporting body I8, are provided with two sets of depending lugs 5I and 52 having axis 53 journalled therebetween, and 54 and 55 having axis 56 journalled therebetween. Axes 53 and 56 are spaced preferably tothe forward side of axes 42 and 46.

Keyed to standards 39 and 43 at the lower extremities thereof are horizontal radius bars 6| and 62, the outer ends of said radius bars being pivotally connected to axes 53 and 56 respectively. Extending horizontally from pivot head 48 is an operating lever |28 which, in accordance with the aforementioned description, raises the lathe frame vertically and upwardly by extending forward pressure, and downwardly by extending opposite pressure. Means are provided also for the automatic raising and lowering of the lathe frame. Such means comprise a coiled spring member 18 afxed to angle iron 29 at one end by means of binding post 19 and at the other end to the upper portion of standard 39. Spring 18 naturally tends to raise the lathe frame, while the differential diameter of the specimen to be fluted and knurled pressing against the upper revolving cutter eects automatic lowering adjustability.

Of course, an opposite direction of tension of spring 18 can eifectuate a lowering of the lathe frame while the differential diameter of the specimen to be fluted and knurled pressing against the lower revolving cutter effects automatic raising adjustability,

Sets of depending lugs 5|, 52 and 54, 55 a'ixed to angle irons 29 and 36 are provided with clamps 58, 51, 60 and 59 for provisional attachment to angle irons 29 and 30 during the process of assemblage. Clamp 69 is additionally provided with an upwardly extending handle |29 serving as a support for the hand when manipulating lever The traversing or travelling lathe carriage and lathe proper are now to be described. The said carriage utilizes as tracks threadedrods 3,2 and 39 and 43 represent a set of stand- .horizontal alignment three apertures, the endV apertures having tubular elements 65 and 66 extending from both sides of the said plate 61, while the central aperture has a tubular element 61a extending from the inner face of plate 61 and a tubular element 19 extending from the outer face of plate 61. The vertical edges of plate 61 are excavated intermediate the height thereof to permit sliding movement along 29a andr30a for the tail stock assembly. The tubular elements 65 and 66 of plate 61 are adapted to slide along and ensleeve tubes 63 and 64 respectively. 61a is adapted to serve as a bearing of a dead spindle 15 with which is mounted a chuck 15 for centering and holding one end of the blank or specimen to be fluted and knurled; while 10 is a housing for the tightening and loosening of the said dead spindle 15, the said tightening and loosening being accomplished by a screw 12 penetrating housing 10 through threaded bushing 1| and abutting a slidable ring member 13 within` housing 10. Slidable ring member 13 lnturn abuts end bearing 16a for spindle 15. By manipulating handle 14 of screw 12, dead spindle 15 can be activelyadvanced or indirectly retarded.V

Since the tail stock assembly is designed to move with tubes 63 and 64 on which the said stock is mounted, provision is made for the independent movement of the tail stock assembly along tubes 63 and 64 for the adjustment of a blank or specimen between the tail and head stocks. For-such purpose, plate 61 is provided with vertical orifices from the upper edge above the end apertures and extending to and communieating with the said apertures. The said orifices are internally threaded and are adapted to receive in threaded engagement therewith levers'68 and 69. Upon the tightening of said levers 68 and 69, the tail stock assembly is affixed to the carriage tubes 63 and 64. Upon the loosening of the said levers 68 and 69, the tail stock assembly may be moved backwardly and forwardly upon tubes 63 and 64.

'I'he head stock assembly of the lathe proper is now to be described and embodies details per se and in conjunction with the remaining structure which are features of the invention herein. 84 and 85 constitute parallel and similar plates spaced apart and connected together by any ordinary means such as bolts 86 and 81. As shown in Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings, each of the said plates is provided with three apertures disposed along the width thereof, the plates 84 and 85 being affixed to tubes 63 and 64 by means of expansions 89 and 99 of the said tubes penetrating the end apertures. The vertical edges of plates 84 and 85, like plate 61 of the tail stock assembly are excavated intermediate the height thereof to permit sliding movement along 29a and 36a for the head stock assembly. Passing through the central apertures of plates 84 and 85 is the live spindle |93 with which chuck |94 is associated. Live spindle |63 cooperates with a keyed bevel gear which serves to rotate spindle |03.V The said bevel gear, designated by reference character 4is aiiixed to .cylindrical jacket :|'|0,'the reduced -portionof the =said jacket ;|;|,0 utilizingfas part :of

yits bearing .the .central'aperture of plate84. 98 .is 'an auxiliary collar for 'the .shoulder V.portion of cylindrical jacket ||0, the Isaid collar98 'being .disposed Vadjacentthe innerffacezof l:plate 8'4, while |.'|2 is ta collar disposed adjacent the @outer .facezof plate .84. The said collar ||=2 is :keyed to'the cylindrical jacket as best :Shown on Figure 2 4nf the accompanyingdrawings. Cap member '|.|3 is mounted on the end `of -live lspindle '|.03Jand is provided with ring ||`4 :abuttingrthe outer edge fof :collar |f2. vThe ysaid cap member |'|.3 is keyed -to Vlive spindle |03 to .rotate with the same.` Collar H12 vis provided with .a pivoting .lever 'H5 which engages with any one of aseriesfofradialnotches situated at the ycircumference of Yfring- '|'|'4, tthe purposeof the .said lever engaging the radial rnotches to be.hereinafter-setiorth.

Plate 85 is provided with' tubular bearing .elementsextending 'from vboth sides :of .the central vaperture thereof, element |01 extending from `the inner Vface of plate 85, while element .|06 y.ex-

tends from the louter face of'plate 85. As just mentioned, |06 and |01 kperform-the usual bearing surface functions for live spindle |03, sleeve 9.1.and

its reduced portion 91a, surrounding'tubular bearelements -comprising the tail iand head :stocks `between which the specimen to be Vfluted and yknnrled is held, tubular elements 63 and 64 must be propelled along threaded rods 32 and 33, and simultaneously therewith live Aspindle |03 must be rotated so that' spiral grooves may be ycut out of the 'said `specimen as the latter in its movement toward the independently revolvable cutters |22 or 24a is subjected thereto.

A feature of the invention herein is provision of gearing means whereby operation -of a single gear efficiently Vand'simply causes rotation vof live spindle v|93 of the head stock simultaneously with 'lateral movement of the lathe proper; By disconnection or unmeshing of the `gear elements, the rotation of the live spindle can be done away with at the same time retaining the propulsion of the lathe proper or the carriage on which' the head and tail stocks are afxed, forthe effectuation of straight and parallel grooves on the specimen.

The abovementioned gearingmeans are nowto be described. 9| represents a housing. aixed to the outer face of plate v85, the said housing containing a mounted pinion 92 communicating and engaging with threaded rod 33 through an ropening Ain tube 64 as best shown in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings. Pinion 92 is operated either Vby an electrically driven belt, or as shown, by a crank leverV 93.- The turning of the crank Ilever 93 eiiectuates movement 'of 'the lathe carriage and the lathe proper towhich thelatter is aflixed as has hereinbefore been'desc'ribed. Between plates 84 and 05 ismounted a vertically disposed'shaft 99 'having a spur wheel |00 mounted on the top thereof and keyed thereto by a `superposing crown element l0 I, while :at the botf9.5. having a .central .aperture to 'serve yas the 'guide .for :the same, the` said plate-96 .being zaflixedfto `the .upper -and .a'ttened portions -of sleeve 91 and :collar 59.81zasbest .shown in Figure 9 `of the accom- Apanying drawings. It `ispthus seen that lvertical `shaiinSlSimaybe swung rotatably to either side of itheaxisfoflive spindle |03. The purpose of such provision is to enable spur wheel y|90 to engage threaded bar .32 or .33 through vslits 94 or95 of .expnisions .89 and'respectively of tubes i63and lill; The vengagement .of spur `wheel '|90 with `threaded :bar .32 will. cause live lspindle |03 .to :rotate :in :one direction, while the .engagement o'f said spur wheel |00 with :threaded -bar 33 Will rcause :live spindle |03 to frotate Vin the opposite adirection. It .is seen how the engagement of pinion 92. with threaded bar-.33 causes movement Aofthe lathe carriage and simultaneously there- `.with vrotation of live spindle |93 in eitherprede- ".termined direction. 'The change in the direction of rotation of live spindle |03 is avery .signin- Vcant part of Vthe'invention insofar asthe same is responsible in conjunction with the rotation of fflat circular table element for 'the formation of fcppcsitefspirals :to give a knurling effect to the specimenoperated upon. yAs vwill hereinafter `ap- /pearyfby changing the obliqueness or angle of the revolving cutters, the necessity for the rota- `tiono'f fiat circular table element |`c1f is elimithalted. For purposes of description, however, '|35 `represents 'a clamp member frictionally engaging table 'element Ila with longitudinal supporting body =|8 through the medium of lugs '|36 and |37 `en'ianatingfrom the said-body I 8,'the said-clamping meansbeing described as merely expeditious.

Independently revolving cutter |22 4is mounted above and oblique to the axis of the specimen desired to be iiuted and knurled, and its direction of rotation is'toward the advancing lathe Acarriage carrying the specimen to be operated'upon. Mila. represents -a base aiixed `preferably to flat circular table element, and mounted on the top thereof is a bearing cylinder H8 for driving shaft l of the cutter. Cutter |2'2is driven by ymeans 'of pulley '|34 attached to rthe vshaft of a motor in motor housing l| a, the said pulley being in engagement `with pulley IIE of driving shaft by means of belt |33,- all as best shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings. Lower cutter 4lllafheretovfore described is driven by the 'ordinary means similar to those described above, the driving means not being shown on the drawings herein.

Cutter |22 is provided with an adjustable setter to regulatev the thickness of the spiral grooves cut in the specimen operated upon. Such adjustability Vis lanother 'feature or element of the invention and is now to b e described. ||9 and |20 -are ltwo* cooperating enclosing' pieces for cutter |22 and comprisethe housing therefor. 'The bottomjedges of 9 Aand |20 are arched along the length thereof landarched along the width also Vas s'hownin Figure 1l and indicated by numerals Y||9afanil |20a. |526 indicates open spacing between enclosing 'pieces H 9 and |2'i'l'toy permit free rotation, of cutter |22, While the bottom edges of the enclosing pieces provide'an opening intermediate the length thereof to permit the teeth ofcutter l|122 to project therefrom to operate on the specimen tojbe viiuted and knurled. Enclosing piece i9 comp-rises the front element of the adjustable setter, and is made up of a'face plate rectangularvpreferably with a curved or arched -lowerffedge A continuous ange is provided around -fthe perimeter of the saidl face plate, the

flange on the lower edge intermediate the length thereof being excavated adjacent the free edge, the said flange being designated by numeral I I9a. The flange along the side edges of face plate II 9b below the median portion thereof is also excavated. Rear enclosing piece |20 is made up of a face plate I 20h to which the front enclosing piece is affixed by any means such as screw attachment. Face plate |202), as shown in Figure 11 of the accompanying drawings projects above ll9b. The said face plate I20b is similarly provided with a continuous flange around the perimeter thereof so that a housing is effectuated when the enclosing pieces IIS and |20 are connected together. The flange on the lower edge of plate I20b and on the side edges thereof jare similarly excavated as in the case of plate I I9a as best shown in Figure 11 of the drawings herein. The aforedescribed adjustable setter is mounted on a Yshoulder |23 of the bearing cylinder II8 for driving shaft II of the cutter. The said mounting is accomplished by fitting plate I20b on shoulder |23 as seen in Figure 13, and closing the rear opening by aiiixing the plate member I2I to the edges of the flange from plate |20b. The flange of plate |20b along theupper edge thereof is provided with two downwardly extending orifices penetrating the thickness of the said flange, one of these orifices being threaded. Screw |24 engages the threaded orifice while screw |25 passes through the unthreaded orifice. Screw |25 engages shoulder |23 through a threaded orifice therein as seen in Figure'13. By withdrawing screw |25 partially so that the head thereof projects above the upper flange of plate |2012; screw |26 by a tightening thereof will cause plate I 20h to rise thereby effectuating a raising of the housing above the teeth of cutter |22. To lower the housing with respect to cutter |22, screw |25 is tightened to penetrate the female screw of shoulder |23 while at the same time screw |24 is loosened. v Y

In using the iiuting and knurling machine, the subject matter of the invention herein, the tail stock is first adjusted to the length of the blank or specimen by loosening levers 68 and 69, thereby permitting the same to be slidable along the carriage or tubes 63 and 64. The appropriate distance is thus obtained between the tail stock and the head stock. Levers 68 and 69 are now tightened and the specimen is finally fixed between the spindles of the lathe proper by lever 'I2 as has before been described in the consideration of the tail stock assembly. By rotation of pinion 92 electrically or through the turning of bell crank lever93, the lathe carriage with the lathe elements thereon is advanced toward the revolving cutter |22 or 24a, while at the same time rotary movement is given to the specimen to be fluted and knurled. Provision is made for the stoppage or limit of the advancing carriage depending on the length of the specimen by the expedient of an adjustable slideY 8,0 on angle iron 30 manipulated by a set screw 8|. The number of spirals made on a specimen by the cutter throughout the length of said specimen depends upon the number o-f` co-mplete revolutions of the specimen while advancing its own length past the cutter. This is of course controllable by varying the size of the spur wheel |00. After a specimen has traversed the cutter its full length a single and continuous spiralr is made therein. The specimen is then withdrawn from its advanced position, at the same time lowering the adjustable lathe frame away from cutter |22 or raising the lathe frame away fromalternate cutter 24aby'means of lever |28. The return movementof'the specimen is eii'ectuated by a reversal in the directio-n of movement of bell crank lever 93. Moreover slidable stopV 82 on angle iron 30 and adjusted by screw v88- controls the return llimiting position of the specimen. In order to effectuate a similar parallel spiral on 1 the specimen, the blank must be revolved Vthe desired distance before it is again advanced to the cutter. The vnumber of spirals can be predetermined by choosing a specific number of notches on ring I I4 spacedin any arbitrary fashion from each other.l Every time a continuous spiral is made and the specimen returned to its original position, pivoting lever II is set into place in the adjoining notch. Figure 3 shows a specimen. |38 which is provided with parallel spirals throughout its-circumference. Figure 5 shows a blank .specimen 'with irregular diameters and which can be fluted in the identical fashion as specimen |38 by virtue of the vertically adjustable lathe frame which automatically and manually is raisedand lowered byk lever |28 to and away from the cutter teeth to take care of the .differential diametrical surface.

By virtue .of the structure of the machine herein, the subject matter ofthe invention, provision is made for effectuating cross spiraling so as to give a. specimen a knurled surface. Knurled surfaces are very important from the standpoint of all handles requiring the maximum amount of friction at :the gripped surfaces.

Where the cutters are adjustable respecting the Obliquity of angle relative to the axis of the advancing specimen, the said cutters are changed in Vposition while vertical shaft 99 is rotated so that spur wheel |00 engages the opposite threaded bar. Spur wheel |00 is forced to remain in engagement with the threaded bars by means of a removable compression plate 88. The reason why spur wheel |00 must engage the opposite threaded bar when cross spirals are to be cut is that the direction of rotation of live spindle |03 must be changed. When the cutter is at one'angle, the

Ydirection of rotation of the specimen is clockwise, and when the cutter is at another angle for cross spirals, the direction of rotation is counterclockwise. As hereinbefore mentioned, the cutter must revolve toward the specimen fed to it.

Since the description herein is supported by drawings of a stationary cutter, means are provided for the revolution Vof the lathe frame supported on longitudinal supporting body I8 about fiat circular table element I'Ia through the connecting head |9-20-2I. Table element I'Ia is provided with calibrations on an edgethereof, said scale'being designated by numeral I36a, the purpose thereof being -to measure the necessary ydegrees of revolution for cross spiraling. Clamp |35 is loosened for rotating the lathe frame and Ehen tightened to keep the same in its new posiion.

Althoughthe lmany features of the main invention herein and the new assemblies have been describedA with great particularityv and detail, we wish it understood that minor changes in construction and detail such as integrations, minor mechanical Vvariations effecting the embodiment of. the invention may beY resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims. We wish it understood also that minor adaptations for similar arts likewise may be resorted to within the spirit and scope of the invention.

We claim:

1. In a fluting and knurling machine having a fixed rotary cutter, the combination of a lathe carriage frame, a supporting body to which said carriage frame is pivotally connected, pivotal means adapted to regulate the vertical position of said lathe carriage frame relative to the rotary cutter, and tension means between the carriage frame and the pivotal means adapted to direct the carriage frame toward the fixed rotary cutter.

2. In a uting and knurling machine having a xed rotary cutter, the combination of. a lathe carriage frame, a revolvable supporting body to which said carriage frame is pivotally connected, pivotal means adapted to regulate the vertical position of said lathe carriage frame relative to the rotary cutter, and tension means between the carriage frame and the pivotal means adapted to direct the carriage frame toward the fixed rotary cutter.

LOUIS GURRIERI. SALVATORE GURRIERI. 

